Consumer Behaviour in the Sandwich market Assignment

Consumer Behaviour in the Sandwich market - Assignment Example A marketer's job is to figure out what needs and wants the consumer has, and what motivates the consumer to purchase. Motivation is the drive that initiates all our consumption behaviors, and consumers have multiple motives, or goals. Some of these are overt, like a physiological thirst that motivates a consumer to purchase a soft drink or the need to purchase a new suit for an interview. Bucklin, R.E. and C. Sismeiro (2003). Most consumption activities are the result of several motives operating at the same time. Researchers specially trained in uncovering motives often use qualitative research techniques in which consumers are encouraged to reveal their thoughts (cognitions) and feelings (affect) through probing dialogue. The consumer information-processing approach aids in understanding consumptive behavior by focusing on the sequence of mental activities that people use in interpreting and integrating their environment. Katz, M.L. (1984) The sequence begins with human perception of external stimuli. Perception is the process of sensing, selecting, and interpreting stimuli in one's environment. We begin to perceive an external stimulus as it comes into contact with one of our sensory receptors-eyes, ears, nose, mouth, or skin. Perception of external stimuli influences our behavior even without our conscious knowledge that it is doing so. Bulow, J., J. Geanakoplos and P. Klemperer, (1985) Marketers and retailers understand this, and they create products and stores specifically designed to influence our behavior. For example Fast-food chains in the UK paint their walls in "hot" colors, like red, to speed up customer turnover. Marks and Spencer Plc pioneer of the prepacked sandwich market in the UK, kicking off its offering in 1981 with a range of six simple flavors including egg and cress and prawn mayonnaise. M&S steers entering customers directly into the produce section, where they can smell and touch the food, stimulating hunger. In 2005, the range of sandwiches, wraps and baguettes runs to around 80 varieties including

Ethnicity And Police Essay Example for Free

Ethnicity And Police Essay September 4, 2005 six days after hurricane Katrina devastated the city of New Orleans, six New Orleans police officers loaded into the back of a Budget rental truck and stormed the Danziger Bridge in the eastern area of the city. The officers were responding to a call of shots fired and an officer was down, in reality police officers escorting a civilian convoy on the I-10 high rise made a distress call over the police radio of shots fired on the Danziger Bridge and made the impression that an officer was down. A group of at least nine officers were in the truck all from the 7th districts make shift station. Claimed once they approached the bridge they received gun fire from civilians, which made them open fire. Civilians on the bridge claim they were ambushed by the officers in the truck. The officers shot eight unarmed citizens fatally wounding two 17 year old James Brissette and 40 year old Robert Madison who was mentally disabled. The officers were wrong in doing so, because they did not verify any citizens carrying weapons nor did they identify themselves as police officers. The officers opened fire on the civilians under the assumption they were carrying weapons. By doing so the officers did not follow standard procedures (Nola, 2005). The New Orleans Police Department investigated the shootings internally, but victims of the shootings felt that justice was not served. The Bartholomew and Madison families who were the victims along with an outcry from citizens of New Orleans led the Federal Bureau of investigations to investigate the city’s police department. During the federal probe of the shootings, evidence was found that officers were not justified in the death of the two individuals, and the internal probe by investigators attempted to cover the evidence. Two years after the incident officers were arrested and indicted on murder charges, but the charges were dropped due to mishandling by the dist rict attorney’s office. Two weeks later the Civil Rights Division of the United States Department of Justice and the Federal Bureau of Investigations  took over the case. Robert Faulcon along with five other police officers faced charges ranging from corruption, violation of civil rights, and weapons charges. Before the case went to trial the federal prosecution offered a series of plea bargains to the suspected officers because the case had been â€Å"cold† when they received it. On August 5, 2011 nearly six years after hurricane Katrina struck the city of New Orleans Robert Faulcon appeared in federal court, United States district judge Kurt Engelhart presided over the hearings (FBI, 2012). Robert Faulcon who fatally shot Robert Madison in the back with a shotgun testified that he never saw anyone on the bridge point a gun or fire at him, and that he never identified himself as a police officer or told Madison to stop. Two innocent people died and several others were wounded that day on the Danziger Bridge by the police officers whose jobs were to protect their lives of the innocent. After testimonies from prosecution and defense the former officers were found guilty on all charges. Robert Faulcon was sentenced to sixty five years in federal prison. Sergeant Kenneth Brown was sentenced to 40 years in prison, Sergeant Robert Gesivius also received 40 years in prison, and Officer Anthony Villavaso received a 38 year sentence. Sergeant Authur Kaufman who was the lead investigator on the case, received a six year sentence for covering up the crimes during the investigation, and one officer was exonerated of the charges (Chicago Citizen, 2010). An attorney for the Department of Justice described the case as â€Å"one of the most significant police misconduct incidents since the Rodney King beating.† The New Orleans police department has a long history of corruption and violence. With the prosecution of these officers citizens hope that this will end the final chapter. And that they can begin to trust the officers sworn to protect them. References (2010, December 15). Former New Orleans Police Officer Sentenced for Role in Danziger Bridge Shootings. Chicago Citizen Chatham Southeast Edition. p. 3. (September 4, 2005). Police shoot eight on New Orleans bridge. Associated press. Retrieved from. http://www.nola.com/katrina/index.ssf/2005/09/police_shoot_8_on_new_orleans_b

Creating Suspense in Edgar Allen Poes The Tell-Tale Heart Essay

Creating Suspense in Edgar Allen Poe's The Tell-Tale Heart In the gothic genre there are numerous techniques the author can use to add interest and suspense to a story, such as the choice of words, the time of day and pathetic fallacy, to name but a few. In the Tell Tale- Heart Poe uses psychosis, detail, and appeal to the reader to keep us on the edge of our seats. These are just some examples of what makes the story so thrilling. The story is written in the first person in the style of a confession, an example of this would be when the narrator says, ‘I foamed- I raved- I swore.’ During the story the narrator is telling us of the terrible deed he has done, in the style of a confession. The reader feels that they are being allowed to find out something, but only they are being told, they feel that the story is exclusive to them. This creates a lot of tension throughout the play because the reader is feeling things that the narrator feels and is trying to fathom out what his next move will be. The very first word in the story creates a lot of the atmosphere because it is in capital letters and has an exclamation mark after it. This instantaneously awakens the reader and captures their interest. The word itself, ‘true,’ is also important because the narrator is replying to a question that the reader has supposedly asked before the story has even begun. This simple technique makes the reader want to read on, if only to find out what the question was. One of the first things the narrator says is ‘but why will you say I’m mad?’ It is an accusation that the reader is condemning him as mad. Of course Poe then goes on to prove that the narrator is mad through his feigned innocence: the more the narrato... ...ell- Tale Heart’ as well. The narrator believes that he can hear anything, and takes pride in this, almost as though it was a gift. However this ‘gift’ proves to be a major downfall, when the narrator starts hearing the old mans heart beating. It drives the narrator even more insane to the point where he confesses the murder to the police. In conclusion it appears that Poe uses many gothic styles throughout the story to increase tension. He uses punctuation, repetition, psychosis and imagery. This makes a very effect gothic story, and keeps the reader tense throughout. This is effective because as the pace of the story changes the reader feels differently towards characters. In fact not only does the pace of the story change but so does the actual nature of the narrator. He becomes unpredictable and irrational, creating a greater tension for the reader.

Complementary and Alternative Medicine Essay -- CAM

It is impossible to deny the fact that living creatures in general and human beings in particular have an extraordinary ability to heal their wounds in the shortest amount of time. In other words, the overall system of a person naturally promotes self-cleansing, self-repair, and accordingly, self-healing. Scientists have been proving that paying attention to the nine fundamental systems in the body including circulation, digestion, respiration, intestine, urine, gland, neuron, structure, and immune, plays a key role in enhancing this healing process (Balcu 209). Once these constitutional systems are put under control, patients will have fewer difficulties in curing disease as well as healing illness. In general, obtaining and remaining biological balance is the answer to anyone who desires to have a healthy internal system. And complementary and alternative medicine, which is regarded as the most productive approach in the humanistic history of medicine, can help humans to attain th at balance. Understanding the non-medical philosophy of self-healing and well being mentioned above, complementary and alternative medicine has developed its holistic approach to human body, a method in which a cure for a specific disease condition is applied on the whole body rather than on just a certain separated symptom. For instance, naturopathy, a specific branch of CAM, takes into accounts a patient’s biomechanics and even emotional predispositions in order to help him or her rebuild the original balance. Instead of prohibiting therapies and other medical implementation like conventional medicine usually does, this alternative holistic medicine does assist a healthy lifestyle by setting up certain rules which allow bodies to utilize their he... ...hysicians. 2010. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 5 Apr. 2012. Siegenthaler, Danny. "Herbal Medicines Are Effective." Alternative Medicine. Ed. David M. Haugen. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "What Pharmaceutical Companies Don't Want You to Know about Herbal Medicine!" OfSpirit.com Magazine. 2007. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 5 Apr. 2012. Ullman, Dana. "Homeopathic Medicine Is Effective." Alternative Medicine. Ed. David M. Haugen. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Why Homeopathy Makes Sense and Works." www.homeopathic.com. 2005. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 5 Apr. 2012. Watson, T, and V Mock. "Exercise As An Intervention For Cancer-Related Fatigue." Physical Therapy 84.8 (2004): 736-743. CINAHL Plus with Full Text. Web. 5 Apr. 2012.

Job Analysis Interview

A job analysis is the purposeful, systematic process for collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job. An employer needs as much information as they can get to put together a description of the job. The employer will need to observe, interview, and question the right person for the job that meets their requirements. This helps the analyst to collect the information that provides a thorough picture of the job and the duties of the job. Below are the results of a direct interview with Dale Root who is a driver for Weatherford International, LTD. Weatherford is one of the largest global providers of the advanced products and services. They have more than 900 service facilities in the world. Dale is a truck driver that has been employed with Weatherford for three years now. This interview was conducted on May, 10, 20011, at Weatherford facility in Lindsay, Oklahoma. Weatherford) Dale Root is known as the top driver of Weatherford, and is their mechanic also of all the vehicles there at the Lindsay, Oklahoma yard. The company offers advanced product and services that span the drilling, evaluation, completion, production and intervention cycles of oil and natural gas. Weatherford has over 1,000 services areas that are being used in the United States and Global area. (www. weatherford. com) Dale Root is directly involved with delivering the tools to all locations in Oklahoma, Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas area. Dale is also responsible for maintaining the mechanical issues with all the trucks, pickups, and the work over rigs. If a truck breaks down, they call Dale in to fix it. According to Dale, the company has come a long way in the analyst area since he first started with the company in 2008. At first they did not have a correct evaluation system in place for they were often losing their information for direction and location areas. All with the location time that the hands must be on location at a certain time or they lose the job. In closing of the interview with Dale, He told me that his supervisor name is Tony Springman, who is the main person that actually does the evaluation on the new hires. They are very thorough with the hiring process of the company for they do a back ground check on you to make sure that you have no felonies on your record and to make sure that the person don’t have no more than three moving violations on their record. In closing, there is so much information that is available about Weatherford International LTD. On the internet and you can contact the human resources in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma for more information about the company. Tony Springman is the person to get into contact with here at the Lindsay, Oklahoma yard for a job application and to start the process of getting hired on with Weatherford. An analysis really must be done as accurately as possible and must always be kept current.

Fundamentals of Corporate Finance Essays

Fundamentals of Corporate Finance Essays Fundamentals of Corporate Finance Essay Fundamentals of Corporate Finance Essay WEEK 4 ASSIGNMENT 1 1 Week 4 Assignment 1 Edwin Lopez-Petrilli Professor William Hall Fundamentals of Corporate Finance Tuesday July 26, 2011 WEEK 4 ASSIGNMENT 1 2 Explain why market prices are useful to a financial manager. Financial managers are tasked with making investment decisions, financing, and managing cash flows from operating activities therefore when prices from competitive markets determine the cash value of goods and the price determines the value of the goods. Financial managers must be able to evaluate costs and benefits in order to make the right decisions that benefit the organization. When market prices are used to evaluate the costs and benefits, in terms of cash on hand now, the determination is the best decision for the organization. This makes the organization and its investors profits, because the value of its benefits exceeds the value of its cost. Discuss how the Valuation Principle helps a financial manager make decisions. . The task of every financial manager is to make educated decisions on behalf of the investors and shareholders. Managers in these positions are faced with questions regarding investments, production, etc. ; each and every day. It is too often that within an organization, a propose idea that sounds good at the time but may not be of benefit. It is the job of the financial managers to break the idea down into detail to analyze the cost and benefits, and then make a decision based on concrete numbers. The process is the Valuation Principle, an analysis between the value of the cots and the value of its benefits. It provides a basis for making decisions within a company. : In a competitive market in which the good(s) can be bought and sold at the same price, the value of a good(s) is set by its price, and any personal opinion or preference is irrelevant when determining value. WEEK 4 ASSIGNMENT 1 3 Describe how the Net Present Value is related to cost-benefit analysis. . Cost-benefit analysis (CBA), sometimes called benefit-cost analysis (BCA), is an economic decision-making approach, used particularly in government and business. CBA is used in the assessment of whether a proposed project, program or policy is worth doing, or to choose between several alternatives. It involves comparing the total expected costs of each option against the total expected benefits, to see whether the benefits outweigh the costs, and by how much. In CBA, benefits and costs are expressed in money terms, and are adjusted for the time value of money, so that all flows of benefits and flows of project costs over time (which tend to occur at different points in time) are expressed on a common basis in terms of their net -present value. CBA usually tries to put all relevant costs and benefits on a common temporal footing using time value of money formulas. This is often done by converting the future expected streams of costs and benefits into a present value amount using a suitable discount rate. Explain how an interest rate is just a price. Money like any other good can be bought and sold with a supply and a demand, interest rate is the equivalent of the price of that good over a period of time. When money is borrowed, interest is typically paid to the lender as a percentage of the principal, the amount owed. The percentage of the principal that is paid as a fee over a certain period of time is called the interest rate (price). Therefore interest is the price paid over a period of time for the acquired good(s) now. In economics, interest is considered the price of credit. WEEK 4 ASSIGNMENT 1 4 Describe how a bond is like a loan. A bond is like a loan: the issuer is the borrower (debtor), the holder is the lender (creditor), and the coupon is the interest. Bonds provide the borrower with external funds to finance longterm investments, or, in the case of government bonds, to finance current expenditure. Bonds must be repaid at fixed intervals over a period of time. A bond is a debt security, in which the authorized issuer owes the holders a debt depending on the terms of the bond, is indebted to pay interest (the coupon) and/or to repay the principal at a later date, termed maturity. A bond is a formal contract to repay borrowed money with interest at fixed intervals. Just like borrowing money for any purpose there’s a term and an interest that is paid for the use of that good. WEEK 4 ASSIGNMENT 1 5 References Berk, J. , DeMarzo, P. , Harford, J. (2009). FIN100:Fundamentals of corporate finance: 2010 custom edition. New York, NY: Prentice Hall.

American healthcare system Essay Example

American healthcare system Essay Example American healthcare system Paper American healthcare system Paper American healthcare system is the most expensive in the world. Sad, but true. Average expenditures for health care is about $5,540 per capita – much more than in other countries. Two different groups of Americans has different attitude to these money: sick persons want pay less and health care providers want earn more. A recent WHO survey ranked the United States as th 37th in overall health system performance. USA has honorous place between Costa Rica and Slovenia. Why? Everebody knows that the United States spends more on health care (13.7% of GDP) than any another nation. But Americans are the most dissatisfied with the quality of health care. Only 40% of Americans think that their national health care system is good. 80% Americans say the health care system needs major changes or a complete rebuilding. At the beginning of the new millenium there were more than 38 million uninsured adult Americans. In addition to the lack of health insurance among nearly 15% of the population of the United States, there are major economic and racial and ethnic disparities among uncovered persons. Nearly two thirds of the uninsured come from low-income families, and nearly three quarters of these individuals are from families with at least one full-time worker. The worse situation we have with accessibilty of health care for Hispanics. Official commentary from White House: â€Å"Many Americans enjoy access to good choices in employer-sponsored health care plans, but many others do not have good coverage options or are in danger of losing them.† President team proposed some approaches to the reform: â€Å"patient-centered health care through coverage thet you choose†, â€Å"improving the health care system by creating an environmnet thet encourages and rewards quality† and â€Å"effective support to strengthen the health care safety net and increase biomedical research†. Commentary â€Å"from the streets† (David Baron’s homepage): â€Å"I consider our current health care system to be a restricted market. By this I mean that the insurance industry is a group of profit-seeking firms, but consumers do not have free choice to switch between the market alternatives. Many of the people who defend the current system claim that a free market is best. However our current system is not a free market. Many of the problems in our current health care system are a result of the restrictions in this market. Consumers cannot register their discontent with their insurance plans because it is difficult to switch plans. Because of this difficulty, plans can fail to provide quick resolution of claims, good information, or consistent policy because customers are tied in to their current plans through their employers and through the difficulty of switching plans. Considering our current system of a restricted market, one of the simplest solutions to this problem would be to have a free market for health insurance, so that people could â€Å"vote with their feet.† Citation from Insurance Journal â€Å"The poll found that 84 percent of likely Illinois voters characterize the current state of Illinois medical liability system as a crisis or major problem, and more than three-quarters (77 percent) think the system needs major changes or a complete overhaul. More than two-thirds (68 percent) of those surveyed rate dealing with the impact of high medical liability insurance rates on health care as an extremely important issue for the Governor and state legislature to address. And 62 percent reportedly say they would be more likely to support their state legislator in this falls elections if their lawmaker voted for comprehensive reform†. So the problems on the federal and state level are the same. There are several problems in the medical insurance, inluding increase of the number of uninsured people, aging of population which will put enormous stresses on the pension and Medicare system. American insurance system need to evolve into a more sensible strategy over time†. Americans are very inpatient nation. Were very keen on new technology and procedures, and we dont have to want to wait for them or have to travel long distances. Probably, we will always spend substantially more relative to our Gross National Product than other countries. We have inequality in access to health care. There is the different attitude toward government that exists around the country. Some of the lower middle class probably are at the most risk. They may not have insurance or their insurance may not be as complete and theyre not easily eligible for assistance. Thats probably the biggest problem, the lower-middle income working uninsured population or maybe even underinsured population. An administrator of Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services, Thomas A. Scully used more strong words: â€Å"We spend billions of dollars, and we have no idea where its going. We make multi-billion-dollar mistakes.† He says â€Å"I had three goals coming into the job. One was to shake up HCFA for the better and make it much more transparent and more consumer-responsive. Secondly, I want to make the program more understandable and responsive to seniors. I think the whole health care system is much more responsive when beneficiaries know what theyre getting and they have information about quality.Third, I really want to get Medicare reform done, and Id also like to do something about the uninsured†. In his article published in the American Journal of Public Health (2003) Dr. Mohammad Akhter wrote   about advocacy of the development of universal health care system. Their approach is based on a single-payer mechanism. But Akhter considers â€Å"that a good alternative to the single-payer system that is based on incremental extension of existing coverage mechanisms, accompanied by fundamental reform of the health care delivery system. This approach is in keeping with the traditional methods of policy development in the United States, and I urge APHA to assume leadership in advocating it.† Another professional, professor Dennis G. Shea speak about three different approah in health care reform. The first one â€Å"would advocate using resources to develop systems, both public and private, for coordinating and organizing care†. Its goal to avoid errors that compromise the quality of care, duplication of efforts and espenditures, to increase responsiveness. Another approach â€Å"puts patients more at the center of their care, making them partners, as much as patients†. It means that people should be personally responsible for their health. The third approach â€Å"emphasizes that a basic commitment to care for all should be the primary value in our health system†. â€Å"This would require a redistribution of funds from those who are well-off to others to accomplish the goal. The increased governmental involvement could actually increase costs, create shortages and waiting lists, and reduce quality†. The President of National Coalition on Health Care, Henry Simmons, a physician, said: The main point I want to leave with you is that the crisis we face cannot be resolved by our present strategies or with the patchwork efforts of the past. Neither can it be resolved by dealing with only one or several of the problems we face. Resolution will require comprehensive health system reform. Health providers consider Medicaid and Medicare to be the most efficient health plans today. And they tell that the private sector insurance BIG BUSINESSES are inefficient, and charge outrageous premiums to their customers while decreasing benefits and reimbursements. CIGNA, United Healthcare, BC/BS, Medcost, Aetna and other companies are the major cause for our health care crisis. They should be eliminated and replaced with one universal plan. How was that perception shaped by the purchasers of health care? Customer hopes for better. They see that Americans who cant afford to pay huge medical bills usually get treatment anyway, through a mixture of private and public charity. But this happens only after treatments are delayed, families are driven into bankruptcy and insurers spend billions trying not to provide care. People think that we need an universal health paln for all Americans. Health coverage should be a right, not a privilege. References: http://dbaron.org/views/health.html http://forum.johnkerry.com/lofiversion/index.php/t43005.html ajph.org/cgi/content/full/93/1/99 insurancejournal.com/news/midwest/2004/07/23/44355.htm whitehouse.gov/infocus/medicare/health-care/

Lord of the Flies5 essays

Lord of the Flies5 essays In the book The Lord of the Flies the beast turns out to be the boys worst enemy even though it never really existed. The beast turned out to be the boys themselves. They were all scared the beast would kill them, but they ended up hurting or killing themselves just by defending themselves from the The first sign of the beast was when the boys were first scared. When the little boy told the rest of the boys about the snake-thing he saw in the woods he refers to it as the beastie. None of the boys really believe him, but in all their minds it gets them thinking and worring about whats on the island, and if there are any beasts of some sort. The beast occurs any time the boys are frightened. If they hear a noise in the woods it must have be the beast. If they see something that scares them it must be the beast. This freightenment works the boys up so much that their primary goal is to kill the beast. In the end they kill themselves, and they realize that they were running from themselves. The beast never existed I think the author, Golding, felt the same why when he wrote the book. The beast is the boys, and it ends up being their worst nightmare, and they dont even know it. That interpetation of the beast changed throughout the book and i began to realize what the author meant by the beast. ...

Political Typology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Political Typology - Research Paper Example Barack Obama is the 44th president of the United States and a democrat in practice (Gormley, p.205). He is the first African American President in the United States after practicing law and holding a senatorial position early that ushered him into the current political position he holds. Currently, his position represents democrats. The history that he has a civil rights attorney represents his position on promotion of peace and constitutionalism in all aspects of the American people (Michael & Schraufnagel, p.65). The development through the political ranks has had President Obama grow his support from the Democrats that yielded into a political victory that saw him elected president. Looking at the works of President Obama in office, there is a resonance of the democrat’s approach to management that seeks to establish peace rather than employing military approaches to safeguarding the country. The recent utterances on the attack over the terrorism incident in Paris allowing refugees to continue moving to the United States despite the terrorism fear have indicated the approach of Democrats more as peace loving people that do not depend on military approaches in supporting the development of the country’s political arena (Roberts & McCarthy). Foreign policy includes Obama’s approach to the war in Iraq by ending the war and any involvement of the United States in Iraq. Democrats advocate for peace by ensuring that all avenues that indicate to war are approached with a friendly approach.

Incentive systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Incentive systems - Essay Example An incentive system entails the use of different tools and modalities by human resource throughout the entire level of the organization. Their sole use is the promotion of improvement of results in relation to preset annual objectives associated with the organization. Incentives may be fashioned in four distinct modes, which are material, status, purposive or solidarity. As such, it is consequently self evident that it is in the best interest of organizations to design and implement incentives systems to operate within their structure. There exist several objectives which incentive systems can be designed to achieve. However, this paper will only outline three objectives, which can be considered basic, in relation to the organization. Evaluation Above all else, the primary purpose that incentives are tasked with is rewarding efficiency of an employee. As such, this objective should take the top priority when designing an incentive system. It has been noted that in situations whereby the efficiency of employees is not recognized and subsequently rewarded, the morale of these employees frequently experiences a reduction (KRESSLER 2003, p. 21). This overall effect is to the detriment of the organization as a whole. Rewarding efficiency is an important mechanism of maintaining and subsequently raising the levels of motivation of the workers. Organizations strive to employ skilled labor so as to boost the quality and quantity of their output. However, these employees have thousands of opportunities, aside from their position at the firm, that are available for them. Thus, recognizing their performance is highly instrumental in maintaining their service in the organization. This should be regarded with utmost importance as it has been note that the performance o an organization is directly correlated with the quality of performance of its human resource. Aside from building business in the present situation, treating the human resource as assets to the organization f urther ensures that the organization will also be viable, with respect to the market, in the future. Recognizing and rewarding efficiency enables the management and employees to work in tandem, resulting into the development of a talented and dedicate workforce, which is focused in achieving organization goals. Aside from raising the motivation levels, rewarding employee efficiency leads to a direct reduction in the rate of attrition. The top management is tasked with, among other responsibilities, planning how to achieve preset goals. However, it is the work force that executes these plans. In the absence of a talented, motivated and dedicated workforce. There are two means that can be employed in rewarding the efficiency of an employee, these are monetary and non-monetary. Monetary rewards can range from a raise in wages to monetary allowances amongst other forms. While non-monetary rewards can range from trophies, certificates to letters of appreciation. When these two mechanisms are combined, in an effort to reward employees, there would be an improved drive to quality performance by employees. The second basic objective of incentive systems entails the reduction of production cost. This is in regards to the cost of producing a single unit of output. The primary goal of all businesses is to minimize total costs and maximize on profits. This enables the firm to be able to maintain its relevance in the industry of operation. It is for this

Essay on Womenand Film Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

On Womenand Film - Essay Example Boys Don’t Cry explores a number of themes including identity, empowerment, freedom, and courage. However, gender representation underpins all these themes. This paper will examine the representation of gender in Boys Don’t Cry, describing the key aspects of gender representation both in society and in the film. Representation of gender in the film adds force to the patriarchal norms held by the society. Discussions of the topic of gender in film owe their origins to conventional feminist film theorists who considered films as male-dominated and immensely guilty of gender stereotyping. In this examination of Boys Don’t Cry, the popular gender theory becomes highly applicable to determine the degree to which gender representation supports stereotypes. The Jacques Lacan and Sigmund Freud developed the psychoanalytical theory that profoundly influenced the early feminist film theory (Herz 51). However, the psychoanalytic theory had substantive problems such as its p hallic-centric basis. This led to the development of alternative discussion mechanisms such as the cultural studies mechanism. In this analysis of Boys Don’t Cry, I will utilize both approaches to cover the entire scope of gender representation. ... Male characters define women by their appearances; for instance, during the bar scene, Candace is the object of the male gaze owing to her attractiveness; then later, the facade changes to that of a mother. Lana, on the other hand, is the object of both Brandon and John’s voyeuristic or sexual gaze. This essentially means that men consider women as sex objects placed in the world for their pleasure. In contrast, men in the film are far too active to become the focus of a sexual gaze. According to Mulvey (37), this phenomenon is essential because of men’s fear to acknowledge homoerotic desires. In addition, it is only acceptable for a man to be represented as a spectacle if such representation unites with the narrative to place emphasis on the man’s active role in the storyline. This exemplifies the stereotype of gender roles where males are subjective beings and females are objective, the objects of males’ desires. Distinctively, the character of Brandon, nonetheless, appears to be at odds with this perception. This is because several scenes in Boys Don’t Cry focus primarily on Brandon’s sexual appearance. Notably, Brandon’s appearance becomes central to the narrative without the element of action. This warrants the question if a similar tactics would apply if Brandon were a male. If Brandon were, in reality, a male, this would raise questions of homoeroticism, but since he is perceived as a female, this suggestion becomes inapplicable. In addition, Brandon’s attention to detail as she creates her male persona echoes the contemporary views on image construction, in which the female body is highly industrialized – for instance, for a woman to attain femininity, she must

Designating English as the official language of the United States Research Paper

Designating English as the official language of the United States - Research Paper Example More than with the English people, the English language has come to be regarded as synonymous with the American people. There is, in fact, some truth to this. Given how well-regarded the American people are for their general fluency in the English language, it is not altogether surprising that some have begun to consider it as being the USA’s national language. In fact, Feder (2007) has noted how at least 28 American states have come to consider the English language as their official language, while a survey by the US Census Bureau (2007) shows how over 225.5 million American citizens actually regard it as their only language. Another, earlier report from this same source (2000) pegged this number as 231.7 million. Specifically, 86% had been shown to claim the English language as their mother tongue, while 96% attested that they spoke English very well. The remaining 14% whose first language is not the English language serve as proof that while American English is the predomin ant language in the United States, it is far from being the only spoken language there. At the same time, though, the overwhelming majority of fluent English speakers residing in America all but dictated that that particular language would be considered the de facto national language of the United States of America. ... Thanks in part to British trade and colonization, the English language spread not only to America, but also to other parts of the world. The huge British population at the time also helped; by 1921, the then-British Empire was slated to have at least 470 million people – easily a quarter of the entire global population. Since then, both variants of the English language have diverged, evolving and developing on their own. Today, American and British English are said to differ on points including, but not limited to, spelling, grammar, punctuation and expressions. Crystal (1997) has noted that over 66% of all English speakers living worldwide reside in the United States. This being the case, it should no longer be surprising that, as mentioned above, the American variant of the English language has come to be considered as the USA’s de facto national language. That is, while the federal government itself has not issued any directives as to the USA’s national langua ge, 28 out of all 50 states have already adopted American English as their respective official languages. American English is known for possessing greater homogeneity than the variant spoken in England (Lass, 1990), and is mostly rhotic in nature. Certain letters are pronounced and enunciated differently between the two languages, and there are even sounds that are exclusive to one of them. All in all, certain words have begun to be spoken and pronounced differently depending on whether American English or the Queen’s English is being used. Spelling has also been known to deviate between the two variants. Among the most triumphant examples of these are certain words which may or may not be spelled certain letters such as mold/mould, honor/honour, realize/realise, and others. Additionally,

Macroeconomics - Quantitative Easing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Macroeconomics - Quantitative Easing - Essay Example Expansionary policies involve the purchase of short term monetary government bonds by the central bank in order to lower the market interest rate. However, when the interest rates are minimal or at zero, traditional monetary policies cannot lower the interest rate any further. In quantitative easing, the economy is boosted by other methods. Short-term as well as long-term bonds are purchased and the yield has a high probability of increasing. (Krishnamurthy and Vissing-Jorgensen, 2011) Quantitative easing is supposed to keep the inflation in check. However, the goods in the market to be sold have a fixed quantity and therefore, even a flooding of capital will not lead to an increase in the amount of goods and thus, it could actually lead to more inflation (Trefgarne, 2009). The interest rate of the economy is targeted by open market operations, which are the buying and selling of bonds (short-term government bonds) from banks and other financial institutions. The central bank gives o ut the bonds and collects money from this process, and this in turn also affects the money supply and the interbank interest rate (Wieland, 2009). When a central bank cannot change the interest rate, they face a liquidity trap, and quantitative easing changes the economy’s scenario without affecting the interest rate. It is only related to the money supply when the interest rate cannot be further lowered. Therefore, it is also a policy that is used as a last resort measure rather than as a first resort one (Wieland, 2009). Also, even though central banks cannot affect the interest rate further, they are the ones who carry out quantitative easing because their money is the one which is acceptable by everyone. However, in some cases, central banks cannot carry out their own quantitative easing and are dependent on other central banks to carry it out for them (Wieland, 2009). b) UK has a unique method of employing quantitative easing in order to spur growth in the economy and ch ange the money supply and keep the inflation rate in check at about 2%. Their first policy was to buy gilt-edged securities from institutions that are not banks. These also include bonds that are issued by national governments, also referred to as debt securities. Secondly, they conduct Open Market Operations, which were open to their gilt counterparts as well (Congdon, 2009). The lowest bids started being acceptable by banks, the standard of comparison being the market prices. Lastly, the HM treasury condemned APF (Asset Purchase Facility) which was initiated in 2009, when the commercial paper was financed primarily by T-bills and gilts. There are not only short-term gilts that are used, but also long-term gilts in this process of quantitative easing. They also borrow money from insurance companies and pension funds. People can also keep more money in their bank accounts than they did before, as one of the ways to boost money in the economy. This way banks, apart from the central b ank, will have more money in order to lend more (Congdon, 2009). The two main outcomes of assessing the situation were assessing the portfolios and the events that occurred. Portfolio rebalancing may cause UK investor to demand to go on a hike and gilt’s yield has decreased by a hundred points since this policy has been implemented. However, it is hard to tell the

Designating English as the official language of the United States Research Paper

Designating English as the official language of the United States - Research Paper Example More than with the English people, the English language has come to be regarded as synonymous with the American people. There is, in fact, some truth to this. Given how well-regarded the American people are for their general fluency in the English language, it is not altogether surprising that some have begun to consider it as being the USA’s national language. In fact, Feder (2007) has noted how at least 28 American states have come to consider the English language as their official language, while a survey by the US Census Bureau (2007) shows how over 225.5 million American citizens actually regard it as their only language. Another, earlier report from this same source (2000) pegged this number as 231.7 million. Specifically, 86% had been shown to claim the English language as their mother tongue, while 96% attested that they spoke English very well. The remaining 14% whose first language is not the English language serve as proof that while American English is the predomin ant language in the United States, it is far from being the only spoken language there. At the same time, though, the overwhelming majority of fluent English speakers residing in America all but dictated that that particular language would be considered the de facto national language of the United States of America. ... Thanks in part to British trade and colonization, the English language spread not only to America, but also to other parts of the world. The huge British population at the time also helped; by 1921, the then-British Empire was slated to have at least 470 million people – easily a quarter of the entire global population. Since then, both variants of the English language have diverged, evolving and developing on their own. Today, American and British English are said to differ on points including, but not limited to, spelling, grammar, punctuation and expressions. Crystal (1997) has noted that over 66% of all English speakers living worldwide reside in the United States. This being the case, it should no longer be surprising that, as mentioned above, the American variant of the English language has come to be considered as the USA’s de facto national language. That is, while the federal government itself has not issued any directives as to the USA’s national langua ge, 28 out of all 50 states have already adopted American English as their respective official languages. American English is known for possessing greater homogeneity than the variant spoken in England (Lass, 1990), and is mostly rhotic in nature. Certain letters are pronounced and enunciated differently between the two languages, and there are even sounds that are exclusive to one of them. All in all, certain words have begun to be spoken and pronounced differently depending on whether American English or the Queen’s English is being used. Spelling has also been known to deviate between the two variants. Among the most triumphant examples of these are certain words which may or may not be spelled certain letters such as mold/mould, honor/honour, realize/realise, and others. Additionally,

Global Branding Strategies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Global Branding Strategies - Research Paper Example As the paper outlines, the world is becoming increasingly global. Companies are not just focusing on local markets in their service and product provision. They are now looking for new and more promising markets outside their borders and also need to incorporate market forces coming from their global competitors. The corporate world is now characterized by a fast flow of products internationally, an advertisement is also done across borders and there is a need to ensure that marketing strategies reflect these changes. (Kapfer, 1997)  Brands are a fundamental part of any company's key strategy. This is because brands give firms an identity. Keller (1998) asserts that brands help to strengthen their customer base and also to take away power from retailers alone. Aaker and Keller (1990) go on to add that a brand helps to solidify ones position in any market. However, there are some key questions that arise when dealing with the issue. Firms need to ask themselves whether they would lik e to maintain the same brand name in different countries and locations. Firms who choose to do this could justify their actions by claiming that this allows them to maintain their identity throughout. On the other hand, some firms may decide to take up different brands within the different countries that they will choose to operate. Such firms may believe that brand names need to reflect demand and the needs of a particular country. These questions need to be addressed so as to ensure that a given company take advantage of all the opportunities available in the international market. Some companies may have made quite a name for themselves in the domestic markets. Their products may have such a unique place in their product markets such that they have considerable influence there. It would, therefore, be advisable to maintain the same brand for such companies when venturing into global markets. Caller (1996) asserts that this will go a long way in ensuring that such companies are abl e to leverage their power in the domestic market to international markets. A good example of such a company is Coca Cola. It started with a very strong image in its domestic market and decided to maintain its name throughout its market.  Another aspect that could make certain companies stick to the same brand name is the integration of regional markets. For example in Europe, there are numerous countries that are now operating under the same currency and targeting each other. Consequently, it would be advisable to create brand names that can accommodate numerous countries all at once. The European Union has changed the traditional approach of locally-centered products. There is a need to incorporate brands for the EU markets. (Featherstone, 1990)  Some companies may be dealing with certain products that have relatively equal levels of demand in the target markets they are dealing with. A good example of such a company is Shell. The Company deals with various petroleum products. These are items that are in high demand in different parts of the world.  

Close Critical Commentary Essay Example for Free

Close Critical Commentary Essay Thetis is a poem written by the British poet Carol Ann Duffy in her collection The Worlds Wife. Unlike most of the other poems in this collection, Duffy has not titled the poem as Mrs (such as Mrs Lazarus and Mrs Tiresias) but as just Thetis. This may be making the point that in this case, it is Thetis herself who was famous, not her lover, and this shows female independence. The poem shows the transformations of Thetis, a Greek goddess and sea nymph, as she attempts to escape her mortal lover, with whom she is destined to have a child. Duffy uses the poem to celebrate the adaptation and flexibility of women, just as she does with Mrs Lazarus- who moves on after her husband dies- and Mrs Midas, who moves her husband out and remodels her life without him. The poem is written in free verse, which helps keep the pace of the poem fast, and reminds us of the freeness of Thetis form. She is a slippery, darting creature, being a sea-nymph, and often changes her form rapidly. Despite this, the poem is in eight sestets, a regular shape, and this is to remind us of Thetis bonds, and her inescapable fate. The poem is written as a dramatic monologue, as are the other poems in the collection, and this means that we are seeing the world from the imagined view of one person- in this collection, always a woman. The sporadic rhyme- such as in stanza four where the majority of words rhyme, and the last stanza, where there are only two rhymes, one of which is internal- is again reminding us of freedom, and also speeding up the pace to match Thetis frantic changes of shape. Duffy uses enjambment freely here, running lines on to create pace and free movement. She only once uses a caesura in the poem, and this again creates fluidity, which is a reflection of not only her freedom of form, but her connections to water and the sea. Duffy varies her language throughout the poem to express thoughts and highlight her key ideas. By using religious metaphors such as shouldered the cross and [carried the cross] up the hill she brings in the idea of Christian suffering, and ties it to the suffering of Thetis. Similarly, the albatross and the squint of a crossbows eye are also images of suffering- that of the mariner in The Rhyme Of An Ancient Mariner- and could also signify the suffering felt by her suitor as he tries to capture her, only to be cursed by her hatred. The suitor is described in varying ways throughout the poem. He goes from being a charmer (the snake charmer image gives us the idea that she is under his power) to a strangler (a powerful image) in stanza three, and this shows his two personalities- the powerful man and the lover. The sudden change in description also gives the premonition of a sudden change in her feelings. In stanza four he is coldly described as the guy- an impersonal reference. This lets the reader see the development and progression of her feelings for him. Throughout the poem we perceive the suitor to be violent and powerful, particularly in the line I sank through the floor which sounds as though he forces her to sink, it is not through her choosing, and this exaggerates his power, and the line I felt the squeeze of his fist, which again suggests his violence and power. At the end of the poem, the suitor becomes the groom, and this sudden acceptance and a more personal feel shows the change in her emotions towards him. A chatty and conversational tone is used throughout the poem. This is a common feature of Duffys monologues- in Queen Kong the language used suggests a chatty American interview or real life story in a magazine, and in Mrs Midas, the poem is written as though it was being spoken to a close friend. In this poem the chatty tone helps to evolve a fast pace, and reflects the freeness of Thetiss form using the freeness of her language. Lines such as I changed my tune and his hook and his line and his sinker are clichi s used to give the end of the poem a tiresome feel, which reflects Thetis exhaustion at changing shape. They allow Thetis to seem bored of running from her suitor, as they are over-used phrases, and they are used in a satirical manner, which also shows humour. Similarly Stuff that is a chatty, every-day phrase, and Duffy also uses it humorously as a pun, referring to the art of taxidermy. Interestingly, the lines I shopped for a suitable shape. Big Mistake suggest a criticism of todays society, where size 8 is a perfect size to be. Duffy is criticising men for forcing women to be slim, and women for giving in to them, and this fits well with Duffys theme of being forced to change. The Big Mistake line shows Duffys contempt for the conformers. The internal rhyme speeds up the pace, and this fast pace mirrors the speedy lifestyle of women today, especially their high street shopping, which is frantic but ultimately meaningless, just like Thetiss changes. Duffy is making a joke of the ultimate shape and appearance so valuable to women in todays society. The last verse of the poem is different to the others. Thetis is no longer running from her suitor but embracing him. The references to fire -flame, burned, and asbestos- can be interpreted in many ways. Perhaps this is the heat of her passion, brought on by the relentlessness with which he has pursued her, or perhaps it is Thetis again trying to have an effect on him, by burning him, but he is still impervious to her- the groom wore asbestos. Perhaps when she says my kisses burned she means that it hurts her to be kissing him, and to have given in to him. The line between passion and destruction here is all but invisible, and this adds an interesting twist to the poem. The last two lines deal with the birth of Thetiss child, Achilles, and are fairly violent and almost visceral. The reference to her having turned inside out could reflect her change in opinion from hating him to loving him.

Online Education for Brake System

Online Education for Brake System How many students who use the hydraulic brake system in my class? Development of an E-Course for How many students who use the  Hydraulic brake systems? The lesson aims to provide an online course for brake system (hydraulic) for TTC students. The proposed course is designed based on the approach of research based learning. Proposed design of the circuit is supported by the theory. The data will be collected from TTC students. The study will conduct survey and design an online course study the lesson aims to provide an online course for Automotive for TTC students, a new design for hydraulic course. The proposed course is designed based on the approach of research-based learning/ the proposed design of the circuit is supported by the brake system theory. The data will be collected from TTC students. The study will conduct surveys and design an online course/ study designs a prototype of hydraulic and test its function by asking the experts. The target group of my lesson is Automotive group of TTC and Refrigeration Air Conditioning students. Students will fill out the survey and the results will be presented and discussed during the c lass time. The expected result is to provide a new learning course for refrigeration brake system Provide a new function, improving the performance, solving the problem of hydraulic . Abstract Vehicle, traffic accident investigation, hydraulic drive braking system, braking system condition, braking process, braking efficiency, master cylinder, caliper, brake pads, brake drum, wheel hub, pistons, brake hose. Hydraulic system is just one system from multiple systems, which is common between the cars. The hydraulic system is work by different ways and easy maintenance and spare parts cheap ways compared with air system or electromagnetic system.The Brake systems most important in vehicles, planes and even trains, the brake system is the main workers in the slow movement of the car and turn it off, if the driver is driving a car or any vehicle moving at high speed and the brake at same moment damage, most be a crash or may be injured and even die.After a lot of traffic accidents since the invention of the car, most companies seeking to drive the security of all, and most important things the companies sought after improving the brake system in terms of performance and responsiveness in case of emergency. Definition First of all, the brake system its use to slow the vehicle or stop it. Second, brake pedal its moves the piston in master cylinder. Then the piston moves the brake oil inside the brake hose. After that, the brake pads or shoes get force to friction with dick brake and slow the vehicle or stop. Finally, stoplight a rec color will be switch on because the driver pressure brake pedal. Types of brake system 1-Disc Brakes This type circular shape, which is installed on wheel, caliper is who holds the disc brake. Hydraulic pressure of the master cylinder is the main reason for the pressure on the caliper piston to the friction between the pads and brake disk. This causes to friction and then stopped the car or slow down. 2-Drum Brakes The drum brake comprise brake drum attached to the wheel, brake shoes wheel cylinder, brake return springs, and wheel cylinder. The drum brake its use it most in big cars like GMC because higher weight of the vehicle. The drum brake gets the force or hydraulic pressure from master cylinder, then the wheel cylinder push the brake shoes against the brake drum. Because this thing will be friction between the shoes and drum, and will become the car is slow or stop. 3-Emergency Brakes This type its separated from brake system, its old system. This system was working by hand. The way it works as follows, when brake system Hydraulic no work or happened something cusses nonstop the wheel, the driver pull the cable around it. The emergency brake used in emergency situation, in container the other brake system fail. This system has become one of the important things related to safety, most of the modern cars use the system (ABS), the system working on the brake surprise, he was working on the tires from slipping on wet roads and after the rains, this system work monitors each wheel separately, when the car slipping what to do this system? ABS mechanism with the service brakes to decrease stopping distance and increase control and constancy of the vehicle during hard braking. It is important for TTC students to know more about the advantage of E-Learning. E-learning is using multimedia (video, text audio, pictures) together in learning. Students can learn any time and any place without problem. E-learning solve the problem of distance for those living faraway of universities. It is important in terms of documentation. Students can have the learning materials whenever it is needed. At TTC there are some examples of e-Learning practices. One of these platform is Bzoor where students can learn, get connected and have learning materials. 1.1. Benefit: The benefit of this e-course is use it anytime and you dont have to bring any materials with you so I will focus to use e-course to present my topic phishing which are part for risks in technologies. The study of Bolsunovskaya (2013) so the aim of the report is to explain what is e-learning and is important especially for students. The result was the students have knowledge about e-learning as they can use as video, text audio, pictures in anytime and it is important because solve the problem that face some students with distance for who lives faraway from colleges. As previous studies mentioned the aim if this study is to provide a new course for improving the skills and knowledge of brake system (hydraulic)for TTC students, the idea here is to solve the problem of understanding of hydraulicrisks for TTC students. The current study is going to answer the question of: How many students who use the hydraulic brake system in my class? David E, 1992, HYDRAULIC BRAKE SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS FOR OFF-HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT Shenshen Shi, 2016, AUTOMOBILE BRAKE SYSTEM -D. Andrikova AT EL, 2016Design of flat wheel braking control system with three modes of motion: rolling, sliding, locking Bolsunovskaya (2013), Resource Efficiency in TPU: Implementation of English Language E-courses. -https://www.howacarworks.com/basics/how-the-braking-system-works -http://www.levintirecenter.com/types-of-brakes.html

The Pursuit :: Personal Narrative Science Movies Papers

The Pursuit There are many things that I hate about science. I hate it because I do not always understand it. I hate it because I always get bad grades in it. I hate it because it is so complex and there are so many technical terms associated with it. There are however, some good points. I only like science when I can understand it, and that is only in a way in which it seems common sense to me. For example, in Emily Martin's article, The Body at War: Media Views of the Immune System, she wrote about the immune system in a way that I could understand it, and that was by using images of war and of the police. I also like all the mysterious stuff that is associated with science. It is quite intriguing to me to think about all the wonders that are left to be explored. In addition, being a science fiction and Japanese animation freak, I like all the crazy things that both portray. In both Japanese anime and science fiction shows or movies, there is no limit to what science can do. They show us thing s that are perhaps possible or impossible when we take a look at it through scientists' eyes. That is why I cannot help to think about the question, should the pursuit of scientific knowledge be boundless? In the movie, the Emperor Strikes Back, we saw Luke Skywalker in a healing tank after being defeated by this wooly monster in an ice cave. This water in the healing tank acted like an antiseptic, and healed his whole body while giving him all the fluids he needed without an IV. As far as I know, there is no technology like that anywhere, and if there were, I would sure like to know where it is. So then as I watch my Star Wars, The Terminator, Matrix, Dragon Ball Z, and other science fiction or anime shows, I begin to ask myself many questions about the possibility of making androids or traveling faster than the speed of light or other imaginable things. Then of course, after all my excitement dies down at the end of the show, I begin to wonder whether scientists out there are trying to find scientific answers to the things we see in these types of shows because it seems as though there is no limit to this exploring.

Psychology Essays -- Wundt, Descartes, Watson

Psychology is the investigation of the mind and how it processes and directs our thoughts, actions and conceptions. However, in 1879 Wilhelm Wundt opened the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig in Germany. Nevertheless, the origins of psychology go all the way back thousands of years starting with the early Greeks. This foundation is closely connected to biology and philosophy; and especially the subfields of physiology which is the study of the roles of living things and epistemology, which is the study of comprehension and how we understand what we have learned. The connection to physiology and epistemology is often viewed as psychology, which is the hybrid offspring of those two fields of investigation. It was not until the later part of the 19th century that psychology would emerge as a science. Rene Descartes, a famous French philosopher, contributed a major work to the development of psychology. Descartes presented his theory of dualism as a response to the body and mind conflict between scholars (Schultz & Schultz, 2008). According to Descartes, humans are made up of two dimensions: body and mind. Before the body mind concept, it was believed that humans thought with their souls (Wozniak, 1995). Descartes also believed that humans had tendencies of a mechanism but are different from animals because of the ability to think and reason. His perception of humans led to the theory of dualism. The dualism theory contended that the humans mind is a separate function form the body. However, the mind and soul work in unison in the brain, through the pineal gland to create human behavior. The mind was considered to develop and use innate ideas and derived ideas. Essentially, Descartes ca me to the conclusion tha... ...nd getting the information when necessary. A significant thought is information processing, which takes place in a sequence of steps. The information processing theorist’s method of learning is primarily by way of the study of memory. Presently, because of the hybrid heritage, psychology is not thought over as one of the social sciences such as sociology, economic science, government science, and cultural anthropology. Psychology is viewed as an ally to the natural sciences such as biology, chemistry, laws of nature, and mathematics (Thornton, 2009). Psychology is also seen as humanities, which are philosophy, human speeches, music and art. Most psychologists join forces on research and other conceptions with intellectuals and scientists in distinctive fields. This adds to the diversity of interests, which can be seen in the modern psychology department. Psychology Essays -- Wundt, Descartes, Watson Psychology is the investigation of the mind and how it processes and directs our thoughts, actions and conceptions. However, in 1879 Wilhelm Wundt opened the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig in Germany. Nevertheless, the origins of psychology go all the way back thousands of years starting with the early Greeks. This foundation is closely connected to biology and philosophy; and especially the subfields of physiology which is the study of the roles of living things and epistemology, which is the study of comprehension and how we understand what we have learned. The connection to physiology and epistemology is often viewed as psychology, which is the hybrid offspring of those two fields of investigation. It was not until the later part of the 19th century that psychology would emerge as a science. Rene Descartes, a famous French philosopher, contributed a major work to the development of psychology. Descartes presented his theory of dualism as a response to the body and mind conflict between scholars (Schultz & Schultz, 2008). According to Descartes, humans are made up of two dimensions: body and mind. Before the body mind concept, it was believed that humans thought with their souls (Wozniak, 1995). Descartes also believed that humans had tendencies of a mechanism but are different from animals because of the ability to think and reason. His perception of humans led to the theory of dualism. The dualism theory contended that the humans mind is a separate function form the body. However, the mind and soul work in unison in the brain, through the pineal gland to create human behavior. The mind was considered to develop and use innate ideas and derived ideas. Essentially, Descartes ca me to the conclusion tha... ...nd getting the information when necessary. A significant thought is information processing, which takes place in a sequence of steps. The information processing theorist’s method of learning is primarily by way of the study of memory. Presently, because of the hybrid heritage, psychology is not thought over as one of the social sciences such as sociology, economic science, government science, and cultural anthropology. Psychology is viewed as an ally to the natural sciences such as biology, chemistry, laws of nature, and mathematics (Thornton, 2009). Psychology is also seen as humanities, which are philosophy, human speeches, music and art. Most psychologists join forces on research and other conceptions with intellectuals and scientists in distinctive fields. This adds to the diversity of interests, which can be seen in the modern psychology department.

Hnrs. Renaissance History Chapter 17 & 18 Study Guide Essay

1. The two most important influences on Enlightenment thought were who? John Locke and Isaac Newton 2. After 1688, Great Britain permitted religious toleration to which groups? Lutherans, Jews, and Muslims 3. This nation was significantly freer than any other European nation at the beginning of the Enlightenment. What nation is this? Great Britain 4. An expanding, literate public and the growing influence of secular printed materials created a new and increasing influential social force called what? public opinion 5. Written by Voltaire in English and later translated to French, this book praised the virtues of the English, especially their religious liberty, and implicitly criticized the abuses of French society. What is this book’s title? Letters on the English 6. Philosophies criticized the Christian church for many things, but not for what? Taking too limited a role in national politics. 7. The two major points in the Deists’ creed were what? The belief in an afterlife dependent upon one’s earthly actions and the existence of a rational God. 8. Which of the following figures came closest to atheism in their religious thinking? Baron d’Holbach 9. According to Ethics, the most famous of his works, this man closely identified God and nature, an idea for which his contemporaries condemned him. Who was this? Spinoza 10. This 18th century philosopher was known as the â€Å"Jewish Socrates†. Who is this man? Mendelssohn 11. Pascal and other critics saw this as an exceptionally carnal or sexually promiscuous religion because of its teaching that heaven was a place of sensuous delights. What is this religion? Islam 12. The Encyclopedia did what? secularized learning and spread Enlightenment ideas throughout Europe 13. He published On Crimes and Punishments, in which he applied critical analysis to the problem of making punishments both effective an d just. Who is this? Marquis Cesare Beccaria 14. Adam Smith advocated what? The ending of England’s mercantile system. 15. According to Smith, government should provide what? Schools, armies, navies and roads. 16. According to Smith’s four-stage theory, human societies moved from where to where? Barbarism to Civilization 17. The most important political thought of the Enlightenment occurred in what country? France 18. He contended that the process of civilization and the Enlightenment had corrupted human nature. Who is he? Rousseau 19. Based on his ideas and traditions, most 18th-century political thinkers regarded human beings as individuals and society as a collection of individuals pursing personal, selfish goals. Who is this? John Locke 20. Most European thinkers associated with the Enlightenment favored what? the extension of European empires across the world 21. Herder is famous for his early views concerning what? cultural relativism 22. The philosophies generally were not what? avid feminists 23. He maintained that women were not naturally inferior to men and that women should have a wider role in society. He was also sympathetic in his observations concerning the value placed on women’s appearance and the prejudice women met as they aged. Who was he? Montesquieu 24. Which of the following styles of art utilizes lavish, often lighthearted decoration with an emphasis on pastel colors and the play of light? Rococo 25. Which of the following styles of art embodies a return to figurative and architectural modes drawn from the Renaissance and the ancient world? Neoclassicism 26. Neoclassical paintings were didactic rather than emotional and their subject matter usually concerned what? Public life or public morals. 27. He was a strong monarchist who in 1759 published a History of the Russian Empire under Peter the Great, which declared, â€Å"Peter was born, and Russia was formed!† Who said this? Voltair e 28. Monarchs such as Joseph II and Catharine II made â€Å"enlightened† reforms as part of their drive to do what? Increase revenues and gain political support. 29. This monarch embodies enlightened absolutism more than any other. He/she forged a state that commanded the loyalty of the military, the junker nobility, the Lutheran clergy, and a growing bureaucracy? Frederick the Great 30. Monarchs associated with enlightened absolutism included all of the following rulers: Maria Theresa, Joseph II, Frederick the Great, Catherine II 31. Of all the rising states of the 18th century, this state was the most diverse in its people and problems. What is this state? Austria 32. Maria Theresa of Austria did all of the following: limited the amount of labor the nobility could demand from peasants; established a very efficient tax system; expanded primary education; created central councils to deal with political problems 33. Joseph II of Austria: sought to improve the productivity and social conditions of the peasantry 34. Catherine the Great of Russia did what? built a strong alliance with the nobility 35. As part of her territorial aspirations, Catherine the Great painlessly annexed what newly independent state in 1783? Crimea 36. King Louis XVI convened the Estates General in order to do what? raise tax revenues 37. The French parlements spoke for the interests of what group? The Aristocracy 38. He was responsible for the introduction of the revolutionary land tax that all landowners would have to pay regardless of their social status. Who is he? Charles Alexandre de Calonne 39. The parliament of Paris declared that only the_______________ could establish new taxes. Estates General 40. The Second Estate of the Estates General was made up of what group? The Nobility 41. By the following way the aristocracy attempted to limit the influence of the Third Estate. What is this attempt? They demanded that each estate have an equal number of representatives 42. The cahiers de doleances presented to the king included all of the following grievances: Government waste, corruption, indirect taxes, and the hunting rights of the aristocracy. 43. The Tennis Court Oath refers to an oath taken by what party? National Assembly to give France a constitution 44. Throughout the winter and spring of 1789, the high prices for what commodity produced many riots? Bread 45. â€Å"The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen† was proclaimed by what group? the National Constituent Assembly 46. During the Great Fear what happened? Peasants reclaimed rights and property they had lost to aristocratic resurgence. 47. Which of the following best describes the form of government pursued by the National Constituent Assembly? constitutional monarchy 48. According to the suffrage stipulations of the Constitution of 1791, approximately how many of France’s 25 million citizens were qualified to vote? 50,000 49. The Chapelier Law did what? forbade workers’ associations 50. The Roman Catholic Church condemned the _________________________. French Revolution 51. The following statement about the Jacobins are not true: they were the most conservative political group in the National Constituent Assembly 52. The term â€Å"sans culottes† was used in revolutionary France to refer to what? Workers 53. The sans culottes wanted what above all else? Democracy 54. Louis XVI was condemned to death on the charge of what? Conspiring against the liberty of the people. 55. As Prime Minister of England, William Pitt the Younger did what? Suppressed reform AND popular movements 56. The following best summarizes Edmund Burke’s view of the French Revolution: He believed it was shortsighted and politically ignorant 57. By April 1793, the following countries were at war with France: Spain, Great Britain, Austria, and Prussia 58. Issued in August of 1793, the là ©vee en masse was a what? military requisition on the entire population 59. By late 1794, the French army was the _______________________ in European history. Largest army 60. The core value of the republic of virtue created by the revolution was what? Public good over private good 61. The following was not part of the ideology embraced by Maximilien de Robespierre? Embrace Christianity 62. Many victims of the Reign of Terror were subject to what â€Å"humane† form of execution? Guillotine 63. The Law of 22 Prairial, passed on June 10 of 1794, permitted the _________ __________________________ without substantial evidence. conviction of counterrevolutionaries 64. The Thermidorian reaction resulted in all of the following: a pull back from the radical revolution; a new constitution; the closing of the Paris Jacobin Club; the reduction of the political power of the sans culottes 65. The â€Å"Bands of Jesus† did what? murdered suspected Jacobins 66. The following best summarizes the comparison of freedoms exercised by women before 1789 versus after 1795? Women had more freedom before 1789 67. The French Revolution has often been considered a victory of what group? Bourgeoisie 68. The Treaties of Basel in March and June 1795 concluded peace with whom? Spain and Prussia

Haircuts Case Study Essay

Strategic Business Area to Improve through IT. The most important aspect of the haircutting business model that can be improved in UMUC Haircut situation has to be customers (customer demand). The entire profit model revolves around two truth. The first is that people want to come get haircuts here at UMUC. Second, these customers will be repeat customers at a rate that facilitates profit. In order to meet both of  these goals for profit the use of a comprehensive scheduling tool is needed to both benefit customers and manage employees. A cloud-based open schedule application allows for simple transparency and has a secondary feature of using old scheduling data to form a more profitable business model. Being able to have a constantly evolving schedule provides the perfect amount of flexibility for Myra Morningstar. Specific Solution To best apply information technology to the scheduling problem a robust program will be developed. This programs first major feature is that it will be cloud based. So for a 7 day work week there will be open hourly blocks that can be filled with customer appointments. These blocks are of course able to be filled at the main counter on the central computer in the system but can also be filled via the web. Customers will be able to submit request for blocks which will be approved by management. At the same time, in the same program these blocks will correspond to individual chairs, in the sense that the chair represents an available stylist being able to perform the styling or cut. This program will be real time so that everyone is one the same page. Ultimate control will fall on Myra Morningstar. The program will run through the UMUC Haircut website. IT Infrastructure Requirements Services- Myra and staff will be required to learn and manage this program. Although not overly complicated it will require dedication of use to be successful. It will be tempting to use the paper scheduling method but this will need to be cut out. The initial construction of the program and subsequent upgrades to the program will be the work of a clever programer for hire and should not require constant technical support. Hardware- Any internet connected device will be able to access to the program. It would be a sound investment to have a small command terminal or server inside the store able to handle backing up this data constantly and allows a level of redundancy. (To both handling the data and backing it up) Software- A application will have to be purchased or designed to facilitate this online scheduling. An example of a pre-existing software package would be Appointment-plus, this service already includes customer self-booking. Telecommunications- A high-speed internet connection will be required at all times so that the program can communicate changes back and forth at all times. This need can be handled by fiber-optic or a dsl network from a local provider. Most of the information here will be data. Facilities- The main desk computer station will be the facility for housing the center server. This software, if uniquely designed for UMUC Haircuts will be entirely in-house but if a generic version it is applied it will be managed from that companies facility. How Online Scheduling will Improve the Process. As UMUC Haircut conducts business now there is no single method for managing both employee staffing times and customer appointments. Customers have to come in or use the phone to schedule an appointment or come for a walk in unsure of availability. This new program will allow for the front desk, all the stylist, and customers to access the scheduling tool at all times. This will stream line the process of getting into a chair and cut down on the almost guess method of scheduling employees. Online Scheduling Impact on Generic Strategy. The generic strategy goal that is strived for at every step in this process is Broad Market/High Value-to-Cost Ratio. With an affective online scheduling tool more customers will be able to access appointment opportunities that fit their schedule. This gives them the ability to plan ahead. at the same time the scheduling application also cuts down on the hours that stylist are getting paid even though there are no appointments. Being able to cut down on these wasted hours will make the cost drop which will indirectly rase the Value Ratio. Reaching more people online, at a  cheaper price will be the driving force to adopt an online solution for scheduling. References: Schmidt, M. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.businesscaseanalysis.com/business.html http://www.appointment-plus.com/product/how_it_works.php

Globalization and Business IT Exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Globalization and Business IT Exam - Assignment Example Business to Consumer (B2C) Business to Employees (B2E) and Consumer to Consumer (C2C), the archaic methodology of conducting business has been redefined. The most striking advancement brought upon by the advancement in information technology is the drastic modification in the communication norms. Businesses are now able to communicate with its internal, external and connected stakeholders more conveniently, thus saving precious time and cost. Internet has played the most prominent part in abridging the distance. By using e-commerce, companies of all types are able to explore new business ventures in the form of new and similar market segments and lucrative business opportunities. Distance in no more a hurdle. Since the internet never sleeps, customers have the privilege of doing transactions 24-hours of the day, 365-days of the year. Bad weather or labor problems will not prevent the customers from visiting the store and placing their orders. From global perspective, the introduction of electronic data interchange (EDI) has standardized the language of business all across the globe. According the Advantages of EDI, using these industry standards, for transmitting data related to commercial transactions, the manufacturer and the supplier are easily and quickly able to complete a business transaction. In order to objectively evaluate the role of information technology for all businesses, its role can be divided into three major aspects which can prove to be vital for any business enterprise Support of its business processes and operations Support of decision making by its employees and managers Supports of its strategies for competitive advantage (O’Brien and Marakas 2008) An organization operating in global environment strives to implement the above mentioned traits in its corporate strategy and thus reaping maximum benefits. Multinational organization uses IT in order to integrate its various strategic business processes and operations such as keeping re cord of purchases and sales, automating the inventory record system or maintaining transaction history of the customers in order to forecast their demand in future. IT also provides the managers and those charged with governance several tools which assist them in making apt decisions. These decisions might include the addition or deletion of products from the current product line, what are the projects which are likely to yield positive cash flows in the future and identification of the lucrative investments. In today’s world, to obtain a clear strategic advantage over the competitors, a company needs to align its corporate strategy keeping in consideration the information technology requirements. The use of strategic information system has tremendously uplifted the quality of product and services offered by different companies and have immensely assisted in obtaining competitive advantage. A company can only survive if it develops strategies which are sufficient to counter t he prevailing competitive threats in the market. Competitive forces can be analyzed through Porter’s five forces model which are illustrated in the figure below In today’s dynamic market, not only the companies are expending sufficient resources in countering the prevailing rivals in the market, but efforts have also been diverted towards establishing barriers which will stop the new entrants into the market. The internet has created several ways through which new entrants can enter into the market more easily and quickly and with considerably less

Financial n accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial n accounting - Essay Example In past, these systems include manual processes but now due to technology advancement the accounting information system changed into Computerized Accounting Information System. Improvement in technology have replaced manual accounting system with computerizes ones. As computers become faster, less expensive, and easier to use; all organizations are using computers in their day to day business. With the help of computers, companies can now capture, process, store, and transmit data. It controls the topics which are related to organization’s economic- financial area. It helps in decision-making process, performance evaluation, facilitating company’s transaction and in internal controls through computerized accounting information system. It combines concepts and accounting principles to record, process, analyse the financial information and then produce it to its end users for the purpose of making economic decisions. Firm’s performance can be improved, through oper ational efficiency and increased profitability (Fowzia and Nasrin, 2011, p.1). Software tools in the Computerized Accounting Information System (CAIS) Accounting software This software consists of basic accounting functions like input, processing and output. There are two types of accounting software i.e. low-end software and high-end software. Personal computer based accounting system enable companies to provide better and timely information. Income tax Currently tax preparation software is available for companies. So, even in a short period of time complex calculations can be done. Audit Trial balance software helps auditors to handle different types of adjusting entries, to input the working trial balance and mechanically compute the adjusted trial balance. Word processing Word processing software is used by the accountants to prepare reports, memos, billings and financial statement. Graphics software It is used by the managerial accountants and auditors to graph the data in repo rts and financial statements. Image processing It captures electronic image of data so that it can be stored and shared. Accountants can process all the electronically by just scanning the paper documents in computer. Electronic data interchange A company can exchange documents electronically with other company with the help of electronic data interchange. Electronic funds transfer It enables companies to make collections and payment electronically. So, if companies are in a view to pay for accounts payable to a supplier, it can do it with the help of electronic fund transfer. Purpose of Computerized Accounting Information System Computerized accounting information system (CAIS) can be single programs or even part of a larger system like enterprise resource planning. The purpose of the system is to reduce manual steps in accounting process and offer automated activities in order to improve reporting. Every function plays a minor part in accounting information system. Individual func tions include accounts receivable, accounts payable, fixed assets, payroll, general accounting and cash management. CAIS often have modules that enable accountants to handle financial information related to their accounting tasks. Use of CAIS in the functioning of Organization CAIS saves time, reduce errors and eliminate waste by adopting

How Plagiarism Impacts the Universities Speech or Presentation

How Plagiarism Impacts the Universities - Speech or Presentation Example It is from this premise that universities have instituted codes of ethics to promote good academic practices (â€Å"Academic Integrity and Ethics†, 2014). Plagiarism compromises the quality of education offered in tertiary institutions and the research conducted by students due to failure to recognise other scholars’ works. The tutors have a mandate to implement the provisions of the policies with utter strictness to ensure the learning processes in their institutions are above board recognize any form of academic malpractice (Ting, Musa, & Mah, 2014, p. 74). However, due to the laxity in the implementation of these codes across all universities the issue continues to thrive because some institutions tend to have less stringent measures regarding concerning plagiarism. Parents prefer to enrol their children in schools with high academic integrity to ensure they gain a quality education and knowledge before they get into the corporate world. It is from this point that the issue of class or status among schools arises. Conventionally, some schools tend to be ranked better than others despite both having equal capacity in terms of faculty members and other learning resources. Therefore, institutions that are strict on academic integrity tend to be reputable since the stakeholder in the corporate world tend to prefer the graduates from such institutions at the expense of the graduates from schools with lenient plagiarism measures and other uncouth academic practices (â€Å"Why Students Plagiarise†, 2014). University education is based on research work through which new ideas and knowledge are discovered in the course of learning. It is from learning processes in the tertiary institutions that new techniques and methodologies of doing things in the market are developed.

Business Law - commercial Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Law - commercial - Research Paper Example This research will try to address the above issues as they apply in Qatar. A trademark is a legally protected word or symbol which possesses an identifying feature to a specific company, brand or an individual and it should be associated with that specific brand (Gader-Shafran, 2013). Pursuant to decree number 3/1978, Qatar law makers regulate the protection of industrial and trademarks. This law protects the service marks, trademarks, commercial names, group marks, indications of origin and source, registration procedures, marks that are not registrable, renewal of registration, protection period, the effects of registration, fees payable for infringing this law, the disclaiming of a trademark and the transference of property that indicates the penalties and offences that are peculiar to trademarks (Surachman, World Jurist Association, & Conference on the Law of the World, 1997). Trademarks influence the buying decisions of the consumers. It is therefore important for every corporate executive or business person to have a clear understanding of the importance of trademarks to effective and efficient commerce. Firstly, trademarks make consumers to easily find a business entity or corporate entity. This is through the distinguishing feature that a trademark has to the services and products a business has to those of competitors. This makes the consumers to appreciate the quality of the products and services one offers as they create awareness of the brand and goodwill embodied in the trademark. This cuts on the overall costs of promotion, advertising, sales efforts and marketing (Shilling, 2002). Secondly, prevent the confusion that market places create. A trademark protects consumers from confusion as to the origin of services and goods offered by a business entity. This helps consumers to return any defective products they may have bought because they know the source of the products. It also helps consumers

Operations management (see assignment requirements) Essay

Operations management (see assignment requirements) - Essay Example 2. The Range of Technologies in the Modern Retail Industry An efficient supply chain involves better inventory management and reducing the time from the procurement to the final delivery. For these purposes both supply chain strategies and supply chain technologies are integrated into supply chain management to result in an efficient network of logistics. These technologies include transportation, management and communication technologies which work hand in hand to lead to an evolution of the supply chain. Information technology and decision support system are some of the common technologies being used in today's supply chain management. IT is implemented in the supply chain for strategic planning, virtual enterprise and knowledge management. Another reason why IT is frequently used is the E-Commerce factor of businesses these days(Ngai, 2004).These technologies ensure that a sophisticated analysis of the abundant available data is made possible and the results are used to obtain a c ompetitive edge in the market(Simchi-Levi, 2003). Business redesigning and the implementation of technology in business are often considered to be complimentary with each other. Therefore the integration of technology is bound to change the face of retailing operations. IT is a design tool used for knowledge and business management to produce tangible results such as time reduction, cost reduction and an improvement in the output quality. (Michael Lewis, p. 103) These innovations in Information Technology include Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Electronic data Interchange (EDI), Pints of sales (POS) and other Data Mining (DM) technologies. These have radically changed the way retailers do their business and brought about efficiency by reducing labour costs, improving inventory accuracy, reducing lead time and increasing the rate of order fill. Points of sales (POS) POS has been in use since the 1980's and it facilitates the sale of products by entry and access of products in stores. POS allows for automatic and dynamic updates of inventory and sales data when sales occur. Thus this system is frequently used for store transactions, refunds, cash authorizations, exchanging issues and inventory tracking. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) RFID is a generic name for technologies which use radio waves to identify and track objects. It identifies the items by reading a tag and a considerable amount of information is transmitted by just reading of the tag by the reader. This technology can capture product information which can be up to 40 times more than the typical barcode technology. RFID works as an information facilitator which can directly help in developing and aiding decision making in the supply chain. The main features of RFID are real and automatic data capture, enhanced information quality and support for business transactions. Data Mining (DM) Data mining is a process of extracting knowledge from a large database to build predictive models for b usiness decision making. It is used to make strategic and tactical decisions such as sales forecasting, customer acquisition and retention. From the supply chain point of view, they can also be used to make operational decisions like supplier

Political Legitimacy Essay Example for Free

Political Legitimacy Essay In defining political legitimacy, theorists Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Emma Goldman each put forth a distinct set of values that frame their view on a government’s right to rule. Hobbes, a strong proponent to the right of self-preservation, claims that the protection of life is the only criterion required for a government to be legitimate. On the other hand, John Locke believes that governments should not only preserve life, but also allow for individual liberties and protection of private property, while Emma Goldman maintains the belief that governments use coercion to take away freedoms and therefore should never, under any circumstances, be considered legitimate. Locke’s argument on political legitimacy, that more than just one value is needed to make a legitimate government, is compelling because his criterion protects more than just the life of citizens, it allows for individual’s to have their own liberties free from an oppressive sovereign and prevents the dangers posed by absolute freedom. This paper will set up the lines of government for each theorist and explain why Locke’s perspective on a representative government with separation of powers is more compelling than Goldman’s absence of government and Hobbes’ belief in a sovereign rule. Throughout his work entitled Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes argues that the right to self-preservation takes precedence above individual liberties. In the state of nature, man is given the right to do whatever he deems necessary to preserve his own life. Man can therefore commit injury to another man or his property if he thinks it is best to maintain his own life. This state of nature, being naturally quarrelsome, leads to distrust and competition, and encourages dangerous acts and widespread fear. There are no limits on the injuries or vengeance that can occur within this state and as a result, citizens find themselves in need of protection from the violence of others. The Hobbesian covenant thus creates government, by placing all power in the hands of a sovereign, to quell their fears and provide for their protection, thus establishing a state of peace. In establishing a covenant and a government, Hobbes provides the natural law that â€Å"a man be willing, when others are so too, as far-forth, as for peace, and defence of himself he shall think it necessary, to lay down this right to all things,† (Hobbes 80). This means that in order to protect himself, and finding others that desire their own protection above other things, man will give up all of his rights to a sovereign rule. Hobbes argues that failure to relinquish all rights to one ruler will place the covenant back into a state of nature. The sovereign, having been given all rights of the covenant has absolute power and can dictate all laws and grant or withhold all freedoms. He is not to abide by any laws himself, if so he becomes subject to the commonwealth that he rules, therefore forfeiting his absolute power. The covenant however, is not obligated to obey the sovereign in the event that his rule threatens their right to self- preservation. This right being primary in Hobbes’ view is the only thing which individuals ought to place above all other obligations, whether those duties are to their sovereign or fellow man. If it happens that the sovereign is in any way interfering with the right to self-preservation, a value held above all obligations and liberties of the commonwealth, members of the covenant may defy his commands and thrust themselves back into a state of war. This however, does not dissolve the commonwealth; it only removes an individual from the commonwealth. By dissolving government and the common wealth, the sovereign’s removal from power places the covenant into that same state of nature from which they came and they then must establish a new commonwealth and sovereign power. Therefore, the only way a sovereign power can be removed is upon death, though this often results in the succession of another sovereign, either by the predecessor’s choice or by election. Whereas Thomas Hobbes believes that an absolute sovereign government is the only form of legitimacy, Emma Goldman differs by claiming that no government is legitimate because they take away freedoms. Goldman puts forth the theory that individuals, given absolute freedom, have the ability to govern themselves and coexist peacefully in social harmony supplied by the solidarity of interests. The threat of violence and fear stem from the coercive actions used by any and all ruling governments. It is the belief that governments prevent us from doing what we want and force us to do things we don’t want to, Goldman says, that allow governments to â€Å"rest on violence, and are therefore wrong and harmful,† (Goldman 17). These governments harm individuals by â€Å"stealing in the form of taxes, [and] killing in the form of war and capital punishment,† (Goldman 20). Since anarchism claims that violence by government harms citizens, governments cannot provide protection for citizens. Because of her insistence that governments, being coercive and harmful, are never legitimate, Goldman fails to even consider the origins of government and the limits of their powers such as Hobbes and Locke have. She asserts that coercive governments use the threat of force and violence against citizens to control them, leading governments to pursue â€Å"the absolute subordination of the individual,† thus limiting all freedoms and liberties that in a free state, the individual would have access to, (Goldman 19). The subordination of the people by government, degrading the population to mundane obedience, creates an environment that is colorless and spiritless. Instead of adhering to the control of corrupt institutions, Goldman urges individuals to break the coercive hold of governments, defy all authority and pursue the freedoms they would acquire within a state social harmony exempt from authoritative rule. Locke, holding the belief that Hobbes’ rights of the sovereign would lead to tyranny, and that Goldman’s value of absolute freedom would produce a weak and chaotic society without laws, makes a case for government that combines the best of Goldman and Hobbesian theories. Locke’s view on political legitimacy allows for a government with separate powers, so as not to become tyrannical, and for liberties provided to citizens under government rule to encourage freedom and equality. Under Locke’s state of nature, all man is made equal by the decree of God. Each man must preserve himself, but also under God’s power, has a duty to maintain peace amongst the whole of mankind. This view of equality, over Hobbes’ factor of diffidence, as a main quality in the state of nature thus leads to a more dispersed and equal government, as opposed to Hobbes’ government in which all power is placed in one ruler. In a Lockian government, power is divided into the legislative and the executive, this separation of power keeps one person from having complete control over another, and the legislative and executive, according to Locke â€Å"have rules also of appointing and conveying the right to those who are to have any share in the public authority,† (Locke 101). This means that all legislative and executive bodies of governing are bound by the own laws which they make, so as not to become corrupt, tyrannical and illegitimate. Locke, in agreeing with Hobbes, realizes that governments should be established for the protection of the people; however he also notes that protecting an individual’s life should not be their only function. The primary values Locke gives of life, liberty and property, claim that governments have a duty to not only protect the life of an individual, but protect their property and provide them with liberties as well. He agrees with Goldman that the freedom of the individual is an important value not to be overlooked, and maintains the provision that legitimate governments must provide and protect citizen’s rights. Nevertheless, Locke does not go so far as to guarantee the absolute freedom that Goldman presents. He predicts that complete freedoms will lead society on a dangerous path and that laws are put in place to police self-interests and prevent man from causing harm to one another. Locke also refutes the Hobbesian notion that only the sovereign has the power to dictate which liberties to provide and which to withhold. He asserts that individuals must be given fundamental rights which no authority has the power take away. Regarding property rights, Locke produces the â€Å"Labor Theory of Value† in which common property, when mixed with labor, becomes the private property of those who labored on it. Governments cannot allocate this property otherwise and it must be entrusted to its rightful owner. On the dissolution of government, Locke advances the right of the populace to establish new institutions of government if the former has become corrupt and oppressive. Locke approaches the dissolution of governments by arguing that individuals have the right to rebel against governments that are found to be illegitimate. He claims that governments are illegitimate when they â€Å"are altered without the consent and contrary to the common interest of the people,† (Locke 109). He asserts that in this event, individuals are obligated to rebel and create a new governing body that responds to their wishes, thus giving rights of directing the government to its creators and maintaining that the commonwealth is guaranteed some amount of power over its government. Locke’s concept of political legitimacy is compelling because it allows for cooperation between the public and government which prevents the possibility of tyranny that is derived from Hobbes’ theory. His theory of legitimacy also protects life, property and the liberties of people while preventing any dangers to the public that can be drawn from Goldman’s theory that no government is better than some government. At length, Locke’s theory, which successfully combines the values of separate authoritative powers, government protections, and individual liberties, establishes a society in which there is a fair and equal relationship between the commonwealth and its ruling institution.